GLOBAL TEMPERATURE NATURAL VARIABILITY
from SUN to the EARTH & the OCEANS
NASA's fleet of THEMIS spacecraft discovered a flux rope pumping a 650,000 Amp current into the Arctic. "The satellites have found evidence for magnetic ropes connecting Earth's upper atmosphere directly to the Sun," says Dave Sibeck, project scientist for the mission at the Goddard Space Flight Center. "We believe that solar wind particles flow in along these ropes, providing energy for geomagnetic storms". Even more impressive was the substorm's power. Angelopoulos estimates the total energy of the two-hour event at five hundred thousand billion (5 x 1014) Joules. That's approximately equivalent to the energy of a magnitude 5.5 earthquake.
Torsional oscillations of the Earth's core
The total CAM (earth core angular momentum) results from the summation of the individual cylinders with a maximum at a 15-year lead with respect to LOD (length of day)
Raymond Hide, Physics Department Oxford University
Jean O. Dickey, Jet Propulsion Laboratory