10 - 12 year outlook:
- Pressure gradient between the subtropical Azores high and the Icelandic low is reduced, weakening the Westerlies over the North Atlantic Ocean.
- Negative NAO winters have fewer winter storms that are generally weaker and follow a more easterly route.
- Winter along the eastern coast of the United States is cold
- Northern Europe is cold and dry
- Mediterranean winter is warm and wet
- North East Canada winter is relatively mild.
North Atlantic may be a good guide to the future.
There are good data for the most parameters since 1950/60.
- Strength of the N. Atlantic's currents affected by geological activity in the far North Atlantic (NAP- North Atlantic Precursor) is on a decadal down-slope
- the N. Atlantic pressure differential (NAO) has parted the way some 10 years ago
- the Sea Surface Temperature (AMO) is still holding the line.
The North Icelandic Jet is a deep-reaching current that flows along the continental slope of Iceland. North Icelandic Jet advects overflow water into the Denmark Strait and constitutes a pathway that is distinct from the East Greenland Current. It is a cold current that runs west across the top of Iceland, then southwest between Greenland and Iceland at a depth of about 600 meters (almost 2,000 feet).
North Icelandic Jet (NIJ), contributes to a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), also known as the "great ocean conveyor belt," which is critically important for regulating Earth's climate. As part of the planet's reciprocal relationship between ocean circulation and climate, this conveyor belt transports warm surface water to high latitudes where the water warms the air, then cools, sinks, and returns towards the equator as a deep flow.
Crucial to this warm-to-cold oceanographic choreography is the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW), the largest of the deep, overflow plumes that feed the lower limb of the conveyor belt and return the dense water south through gaps in the Greenland-Scotland Ridge.
GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION
v.s. geomagnetic changes in the Nordic Seas
